And david bakeb smith



H. A. ORLOPP ET AL.

CONCRETE FORM TIE AND SPER4`4 Filed Feb. 5, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 25, E923. 1,468,790

H. A. ORLOPP ET AL.

CONCRETE FORM TIE AND SPACER Filed Feb. 5, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept Z5, W23. ASJQ H. A. ORLOPP ET AL CONCRETE FORM TIE AND SPACER Filed Feb` 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 jfig. 7 Wag, 1

l l /l /0a wf; f vw *W /U a /OQ4 i/// /AY m //lz 'l a a /M/ `/11/ Patented Sept. E5, lllZB.

tlltlllllrl' HARRY A. ORLGPP, F

LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA, AND DAVID BAKER SMITH, 01?

EL PASO, TEXAS.

CONCRETE-FORM TE ANI) SPACER.

APP

To 1N evil-0m if 71211-3/ conce/'71 Be it known that we, Hanni A. Onnorr, a citizen oi the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State o'l California, and Darn) Bamm SMITH, a citizen of the llnited States. residingr at El Paso, in the county ot' El Paso and State of rl`enas, have invented new and useful Improvements in Concrete-Form Ties and Spacers. ot which the following is a detailed specication,

This invention relates in general to forms for concrete and the like; and although the invention is not necessarily restricted to Jforms for the pouring of monolithic concrete walls and similar structural forms, it perhaps has its widest utility in4 that connection. Consequently, without necessarily limiting the invention to such particular uses, we shall describe it as applied specifically to pouringr otmonolithic concrete walls.

As tar as we are aware, forms for concrete walls have usually been made of wooden boards or metal plates; the boards or plates being supported by a suitable framing structure to keep them in proper alinement and position. To prevent the forms from bulging under the internal pressure of the fluid concrete, these torni boards or plates have usually either been 'supported exteriorly by suitable heavy bracing or equivalent structure; or have been tied together interiorly by tie bolts that run across from the form boards at one side ot' the wall to the form boards at the other side ot' the wall, short pipes being placed around the bolts to act as spacers between the opposed interior surfaces ot the form boards or plates, and also, by fitting looselyy on the bolts, allowing the bolts to be withdrawn after the concrete, has set; the pipes being allowed to remain in thetinislied 'concrete wall. d

Both of these procedures involve a great deal ol" labor and add very materially to the cest of concrete structures. ln its specific application to the'tormation of poured concrete walls and the like, it is one of the objects of oury invention to provide an inexpensivetorm of tieing and spacing means, adapted to tie together boards or plates at opposite sides of a wall form. and easily and yquickly placeable so that the labor involved is comparatively small and likewise :ationled February 5, 1923. Serial No. 616,94.

the labor required to set up the whole form is comparatively small. There are other objects ot the invention, but these will be best understood when an understanding is had of the construction and use of the device itself; accordingly we proceed to a detailed description of preferred and specific' forms ot' the tie device that are illustrative of our invention, reference for this purpose being had to the accompanying drawings in which F ig. l is a perspective showing the tie plate itself; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section showing such a tie plate in place in a wall form; Fig, 3 is a transverse vertical section showing the same; Fig. Li is an exterior elevation showing a typical arrangement o' tie plates in a :form'made up of relatively long members, such as boards; Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same; Fig. (S is a fragmentary plan showing the adaptation ot our tie plate to tieing forms together at corners; Fig. 7 is an exterior elevation showing a typical arrangement of tie plates in a form made up of metal plates;

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the same; Fig.

9 is a plan showing corner arrangements etc. in a form made up of metal plates; Fig. lO is a perspective showing a modified form of tie' plate; and Fig. ll is .a fragmentary sectionshowing a tie plate ofthe form of Fic. l0 in use.

n Figs. l to 6 we show a tie plate and its adaptation to forms made up of boards, t'or instance. .Here 'the opposite walls of the forms are Inadeup of boards 10 placed on edge one above the other, spaced apart by a distance equal to the thickness of the wall, and extending horizontally and vertically to any desired dimension. In order to keep these boards in proper alinement, and to prevent their shitting out of alinement at their meeting edges, the boards have usually been framed up exterior-ly. ln our method the boards are kept in such ali-nement and in edge register with each `other by the tie plates 11. These tie plates are preferably made of comparatively thin sheet metal (sheet iron is most convenient) formed as shown best in Fig. l. The tie plate has two ridges 12 that project, preferably in staggered relation, on opposite faces ot' the plate; so that, as shown in Fig. l, one ot the ridges projects up and the other down from the plate. Between these two ridges (which, in the specilic sli'eet metal -formation herein described are formed by bending and punching the sheet metal-itself) lies a flat portion 13 of the plate that extends from end to end and outside the two ridges, at the .lateral edges of the plate, lie two flat portions 14 likewise extending from end to end of the plate," The 'length of the plate Will of course depend upon the Width of the wall being formed. Each ridge has two notches l5; and the dimension a in Fig. l (the dis tance between the inner edges of the two notches in either ridge) is the thickness dimension .of the Wall to be Jformed. The Width of the notches themselves is determined by the thickness of the form boards or plates, the notches boing just wide enough to receive the torni boards or plates and preferably to hold them relatively snugly. ln order that the edges oi the boards or plates may easily be inserted in the notches or the notches placed over the edges ot the boards or plates as the case be, the upper corneis of the notches are beveled oil' as shown at 15, preferably at each side of each notch. Each ridge also has, preferably at its apex, an opening 1G for a reinforcing rod, and these treo open ings in the twol ridges'. are preferably arranged one near one end of one ridge and the other near the opposite end of the other ridge. Each tie plate may also preferably have four corner holes l? for purposes as hereinafter described.

ln building up a Jform in accordance with our method the loivermost boards, as shown in Fig. 4f, tor instance, are irst laid down on tie plates ila; the tie plates may be like the one We have just described except that these particular ones have only one upwardly extending ridge. The lower edges ot the boards areI placed in .the noti-hes l5 ot' this tie plate and thus the lower edges are properly spaced and tied together. Then tie plates of the kind shown in. Fig. l are laid on the upper edge ot these lowermost boards, with the notches i5 of the lower ridge placed over the edges of the boards. The flatwparts 13 and is of the tie plates rest on the edges of the boards, and when the next course of 'boards is put in place, their lower edges are placed in the notches l5 or" the upper ridges of these olates, and the lower edges of these boards then rest on the flat. parts i3 and ifi oft the plates. The plates are preferably made ot suiiiciently thin metal that the boards are not spaced so far apart at their edges as to allow the liquid concrete to run out. The distance ler-tween the tie plates may be fixed to particular structure being erected.; and "".vplates may be placed in any relation eher; for instance, they may be t gered relation 'as is shown in.

Fig, et. ,The complete erection of a Well form will be seen, 4Without further detailed explanation on our part, to involve only a. repetition of the operations We have described. Reenlorcin rods, as shown at, 20 may be run throng openings 16 in the plates. The reenforcing rods are thus held in proper spaced relation Without the necessity of the large amount of work usually attendant upon the placementy ot' reentorcing rods in a concrete form. This last mentioned feature, together with the simplicity and ease With Whichthe' plates are forced in the form structure, constitute mainly the great labor saving qualities ot our invention. 'I lilith the forni structure huilt up as We have described, it will readily be secu that opposite toi-1n boards are properly spaced apart and are tied together by the spaced plates and are held in edge register. They are also held, to some extent at least, in general vertical alineinent., because the tipping oi any board ou its lower edge, for instance, the tipping or" right hand upper board iu Fig. 3 outwardly in the direction indicated by the arrow, immediately causes that board to press outwardly more heavily at the upper edge oi :he notch, as at the point indicated in 3. Outward movement ot' the edge ot the notch in that direction is prevented by the tact that the outer edge of the lower notch ot' the same plate bears snugly against the next lower board, as at a point indicated B in Fig.l il. Thus, Within the limits ot its strengta against rupture or deformation, each plate not only spaces and ties the two Opposite series of boards but also keeps them iin general vertical alinement Well as in edge register'. ln practice however, it may be desirable to secure general vertical alinementy or" the forni by placing vertical strips 25 and shores against it as is indicated in Fig. 6.

To increase. the strength of the end parts oi the tio plates, particularly against deformation due to outward pressure on the torni boards or dueto the tendency ot any board to tip on its lower edge, we may double the metal of the plate back -upon itself, at. the ends, as shown at C in Figs. i() and ll. rThis figure also shows, at the apex of the two ridges l2, and at the exterior edge of each notch 15, a notch 27 through which a key 28 may be driven to Wedge the boards firmly up against the inner edges of the notches as shoivn in' Fig. 11.' The strengthening at the ends also helps the plates to withstand the stresses of this Wedging action. ln 'either form of the plate the longitudinal'stresses, due to the interior pressure ot' the poured concrete, are taken mostly by the fiat parts i3 andl. The width otthese parts therefore is designed to make them strong enough to withstand the tensile stresses to which they are subjected. The

stresses of compression, due to any torce that tends to move opposite form boards inwardly toward each other, are mainly if not Wholly taken by the metal in ridges 12. These ridges are of suoli form as to be relatively stift under lengthwise compression, and the presence of the flat portions 13 and 14 at their edges also helps to stitlen them.

It is not necessary that the plates be attached to the term boards in any manner other than that described. Once they are in place there is no tendency for them to move out'ot place. Even if a reenforcing rod should require a considerable restraining force to keep it in proper position. any strain exerted by the rod tending to move a plate lengthwise ot' the wall is immediately checked by the binding of the plate on the form boards.

.In Fig. 6 We illustrate how tie plates may he used at corners of a form structure. The

form boards l() may be abutted in any suitable, Way. The tie plates are placed, tor instance, as indicated at D or at Il, close to each other or so that their corners overlap; and then a. nail o'r a small pin can be droppe through their registering holes, 17. Or the tie plates can be placed near the corner (allowing room for the corner post F) and tied together bv a wire loop or other means as shown at G. In this manner two vall forms meeting each other at an angle are easily and quickly anchored together.

In Figs. 7, 8, and 9 We show the application of the tie plates to a form structure made up of metal plates, 10a. The metal plates are preferably so sized and placed that the joints in Successive tiers of plates are relatively staggered; and then the plates l1 are placed so that a ridge ot' a tieplate will come at each corner meeting of adjacent plates; the opposite ridge ot such tie plate engaging its notches with the edge ot another plate. All Ithis will be easily understood from the drawings Without further detailed description. Also in Fig. 9 We show how. a tie plate, for instance, that shown at 4, may be arranged so that one o' its ridges 12-comcs at joints J between adjacent plates in vthe samecourse or tier, thus registering these, adjacent edges.

After the concrete has set and the forms are taken away, the projecting ends of the tie plates are cut oli" Hush with the Wall su1face,-the plates being left in 4thc concrete structure. Although we have gone into specific detail in settingout a preferred form of our tie and spacer it will be understood that we do this to make the invention clearly understandable-by giving a full specn'ieation of one specific form illustrative of the invention.` We do not limit theinvention to the specific things here set out. Thus, for instance, although we prerer to make a tie with a body thin enough to lie between adjacent board edges, vet we may make. the

body thickei and notch thenboard edges to pass the ties, as will be apparent. Neither is it necessary that the ridges (the `projections at the opposite faces ol' thc plate or body) be in staggered relation. In forming the devices of sheet metal it is convenient so to stagger the ridges; but in making them of cast metal l'or instance they may be placed in any relation to each other. Further, the ridges may be ot any shape. Their primary function is to toi-m the notches-to -l'oriii projections troni the body or plate surA face that forni or contain notches to taire the boards. 0f course, in the. simple sheet .metal form these ridges etllcclively reenforce the devices particularly as to con'ipressive strains; but in a heavier construction, as in -st metal, the projections that form the notches may be made in a variety of other manners.

It will be seen, from what we have said, that, regardless ot specific formation, one of the main features ot our invention is a single unit appliance by which the opposite form boards are tied together and spaced apart :is the result of a single simple operation. Furthern'iorc, the devices form a most convenient and simple means ot holding and spacing the reinforcing rods, requiring no extra operations for that purpose. And, in the preferred form, no prior preparation of the torni boards is required (no notching, etc.) and therefore the tie and spacer devices may be placed wherever practical considerations inay require at the time of setting up the forms and placing the recnforceinents.

The tie and spacer plate also affords a convenient place to place Wooden or other insert blocks as shown at in Fig. 2. Such inserts are durable for forming a means to secure or attach finish, trim, or other things to the completed concrete Wall. The insert 50 may be laid in the groove ot one of the ridges and secured in place in any suitable manner, as by a Wire 51.

Having described a preferred form of our invention, we claim l. In combination with a plurality of boards or plates superimposed edge. on edge to form two opposite walls ot a concrete 0r like forni, a tie element embodying a flat part extending across the space between the opposite orinl walls andl'ying at its ends between edges of adjacent boards orplates, and raised portions on the H at part 'toi-med with notches taking the edgesof said adjacent boards.

2. In combination ivith a plurality ofq boards or plates supeni'niposed edge on edge to form two opposite Walls of a concrete or like form. aj tie element embodying a fiat part extending across the space between the oppositewform Walls and lying at its ends between tao ' like form. a tie element embodying a plate -ing with longitudinally extending ridges one on each ot' its opposite faces, and flat parts adjacent the ridges. the iiat parts lying between edges of adjacent boards or plates and `the ridges having notches that take the board or )late edges.

Il. ln combination with a plurality of boards or plate superimposed edge o n edge to form two opposite walls of a concrete or like torni, :i tie element embodying a plate with longitudinally extending ridges one on each of its opposite. faces and staggered with relation to each other, and flat parts adjacent the ridges, the dat parts lying between edges of adjacent boards or plates and the ridges haring; notches that take the board or plate ed es.

ln combination with a plurality ot boards or plates superimposed edge on. edge to forni two opposite walls of a concrete or like form, a tie cierne-nt embodying a plate with longitudinally extending ridges one on each ot its opposite faces and flat parts adjacent the rid .;,fres.n the flat lparts lyin;' 1 between edges of adjacent boards or plates and the` ridges having notches that take the board or plate edges, the ridges having an opening to pass a reinforcing rod.

'6. In. combination with a plurality of boards or plates superimposed edge on edge to form two' opposite walls of a concrete or line forni, a tie element embodying a plate formed of relatively metal with longitudinally extending ridges struck up integrally from the sheet metal one at each of the oppo site plate tacos and staggered with relation to each other, and liat parts adjacent the ridges, the iiat parts lyingibeween edges of v adjacent boards or plates and the ridges hat notches near their ends that take the board or plate edges.

7. A tie lor concrete or like loi-ius. elnbodying a metal plate integrall \'f.ridged and the ridge haring notches near its ends.

8. A `tie torronerete or like forms, em bodying a lnetnlplate integrally ridged with flat parts adjacent the ridge and 'the ridge haring notches near its ends.

9. A tie for concrete or like forms, embodying a metal plate integrally ridged with ridges projecting troni its opposite fnces'and in staggered relation, with fiat, parts adjacent the ric ges, and each ridge. haring form hoard receiving notches neer its ends. f 10. A. tie, for concrete yorlilte forms; ernbodying a metal plate integrally ridged and the ridge having notches nea-r its endsfthe notches heingbeveled at their openings, Jfor the purposes described.

1l. A tie lor concrete or' like forms, ernbodying a metal plate integrally ridged with ridges projecting from its opposite faces and in staggered relation, with flat parts adjucent the ridges, and each ridge having i'orm board receiving notchesl near its ends. the notches being beveled at vtheir openings for the purposes described. r

l2. A tie tor concrete or like forms, enlbodying i metal plate integrally ridged with ridges projecting from its opposite fares and in staggered relation, with flat parts adjacent the ridges, and each ridge ha ving torni board receiving notches near its ends, the ends otj the plate beyond the notches being double in thickness.

13. A tie for concrete or like forms, einbodying a metal plate integrally rigid and the ridge having notches near its ends, and the ridgehaving a key-receiving notch adjacent the first mentioned notches.

ll. A tie for concrete or like forms, eniin staggered relation, with flat parts -ad-' jacent the ridges, and each ridge having form hoard receiving notches near its ends, the 'ends of the plate beyondthe notches being double in thickne'ssg." and the ridges having openings therethrough to pass v'the re' inforcmg rod.

16. tie for concrete'or like forms, em'- bodying a plete having projections forming notches to take a form board or plate. edge, and the tie plate having apertures at its corners whereby two tievplates may he connected together, substantially as desired. i 17. A tie for concreteor like forms, enihodying a metal plate integrally '.ridged with ridges projecting frormjts opposite faces and in staggered relation, with flat parts adjacent the, ridges, and each ridge having form hoard receiving notches near its. ends the ends of the plate beyond the notches being double in thickness, the plate having apertures at its corners whereby two #lates mayA be connected together substantially at each end. l

18. ln combination with a plurality of Maanen boards or plates superirn osed edge on edge to form two opposed wa ls of a concrete or like forni, a tie element extending between opposite boards or plates and embodying a single member havinpr shoulders abntting the exterior and interior surfaces of the boards or plates, and having means to engage and hold a reinforcing member.

l5). ln combination with a plurality of boards or plates superimposed edge on edge to forni two opposite walls of a concrete or like torni, a tie element embodying a flat part extending across the space between the opposite form wall-s and lying at its ends between edges of adjacent boards or plates, and raised ridges extending lengthwise of the dat part and formed with notches taking the edges of said adjacent boards.

20. in combination with a plurality of boards or plates superimposed edge on edge to forni two opposite walls of a concrete or likeV forni, a tie element embodying a. liet part extending,r across the space between the opposite form walls and lyingr at its ends between edges of adjacent boards or plates, and raised ridges extending lengthwise of the flat part and formed with notches taking;r the edges ot said adjacent boards, the raised ridges having openings 'to pass a reinforcing rod.

21. tie for concrete or like forms. einbodying a metal plate integrally ridgzed lengthwise, the ridge having term board receiving notches and having an opening to pass a reinforcing rod.

22. A tie for concrete or like forms` embodying a metal plate having fiat lengthwise extending parts and being ridged longitudinally to reinforce the plate against length- Wise compression, the, ridge lying between two iat parts of the plate.

23. A tie forconcrete or like forms, einu bodying a metal plate havin flat lengthwise extending parts and being ridged longitudinally to reinforce the plate against lengtha wise compression, the flat parte being inn perforate so that their tensile strength is not impaired,'and the ridge having an opening to a reinforcing rod. l;

24. i. tie for concrete or like `forms, ernbodying a metal plate longitudinally ridged and having a reinforcing receiving opening through the apex of the ridge to pass or hold a reinforcing rod.

25. In combination with a concrete or like form, a tie embodying a metal plate longitudinally ridged, and a block seated in the ridge.

26. A tie for concrete or like forms, einbodying a metal plate rid'ged lengthwise and with a notch in the ridge near its end to take the edges of a form board, the end part of the plate outside the board receiving notch being' stiffened against deformation due to outward pressure ol the form board.

27. A tie for concrete or like forms.l ein bodying a metal plate ridged lengthwise with two 'ridges one rising from each ot its opposite faces and -in staggered relation, each ridge having near its end a form `board receiving notch, the end part of the plate outside the board receiving notches being stilened against deformation due to the outward'pressure of the forni board.

ln Witness that We claim vthe foregoing we have hereunto subscribed our names this 24th day of January, 1923.

HARRY A. ORLPP. AVD BAKER SMITH., 

